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ADHD Medication in the UK The drugs for ADHD help to reduce symptoms by increasing brain activity in specific areas. They also stimulate the production of neurotransmitters which are deficient in people with ADHD. Stimulant drugs are the most frequently prescribed treatment for adults with ADHD in the UK. They are effective by enhancing activity in parts of the brain that are involved in concentration and impulse control. Stimulants In the UK, there are two types medications that are approved for adults ADHD treatment: stimulants and nonstimulant medications. Stimulants, which increase brain activity in areas that regulate attention and behavior are usually the first choice. adhd uk medication include methylphenidate, also known as Ritalin, and Lisdexamfetamine. These tablets can be taken multiple times per day as a short-acting pill or once a week in the form of a long-acting medication that releases into the bloodstream throughout the day. In the beginning the dose of the medication could need to be adjusted and monitored (titrated) in order to determine the dose that is effective for you. Stimulants are widely used as medical and recreational drugs. In the 1930s truck drivers, students and athletes used amphetamines in order to increase their energy levels. Amphetamines are dangerous and can be abused. They are often abused because they make people feel good and can stimulate the brain in ways that can result in addiction. Loss of appetite, difficulties sleeping and issues with digestion or stomach are some of the most common negative effects of stimulants. Modifications in the dosage or frequency of the medication usually can alleviate these problems. They are generally accepted by the majority of adults. Children can experience more serious side effects, such as tics, weight gain and irritability. Non-stimulant ADHD medications work differently than stimulants, and it can take a while before they begin to show results. Clonidine and Guanfacine are known as Catapres and Intuniv, are alpha agonists. They stimulate receptors in the brain to increase concentration and decrease behavior issues such as aggression and tics. They can be used in addition to ADHD stimulant medication or taken on their own by children aged 6-17. Atomoxetine also referred to as Strattera, is a non-stimulant medication that improves impulse control and concentration by increasing levels of noradrenaline in the brain. It can be prescribed alone however it is often combined with guanfacine in children. These medications do not cause the same negative side negative effects as stimulants, but can cause headaches and insomnia. Atomoxetine While stimulant medicines such as Ritalin and Adderall are typically suggested for children with ADHD Some children don't respond to them. For these kids medications known as nonstimulants can be used. They boost the communication between nerves, brain regions and areas of the brain. This helps children control their impulsivity and improve their concentration. Non-stimulant ADHD medications contain different active ingredients in contrast to stimulants, and do not have the potential to be abused as they aren't controlled substances. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera is a non-stimulant medication that can be used to treat ADHD in children, adults and teens. It is an antidepressant, and has been proven to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the amount a chemical known as noradrenaline that is present in the brain. Noradrenaline is a chemical that transmits messages between brain cells. It's also involved in motivation, impulsivity and attention. Atomoxetine due to its unique mechanism of action is not associated with the same side-effects as other antidepressants such as Wellbutrin or Effexor. It is available to children as young as 5 years old. It is taken once or twice a day in tablet form. Atomoxetine provides stable 24-hour control of ADHD symptoms. It can help reduce the effects in the evening when the stimulants have worn off. The FDA has also approved guanfacineXR and clonidine XR, both of which are available as non-stimulant ADHD medication. They are typically prescribed to kids who haven't responded to stimulant medication or have problems with their adverse effects. They can be used by themselves or in conjunction with stimulants like Adderall XR (amphetamine salts) to offer an effective treatment of ADHD. Follow the advice of your doctor Follow your doctor's instructions if your child or you is being treated with a nonstimulant ADHD medication. They might suggest starting off with low doses, then gradually increasing them. They'll also want know about any other medications you or your child are taking to check whether there are any interactions. You should make regular appointments with your GP and inform them if you experience any issues or side effects. They may alter your dosage or suggest alternative treatments such as talk therapy. Unlicensed Medication The medication used to treat ADHD in adults is a range of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs. Psychiatrists can also prescribe medicines that are 'off label' (these are substances that are approved for a different condition but have emerging evidence for their effectiveness in adult ADHD). These medications are typically antidepressants, such as bupropion and Venflaxine. They have shown some benefits in the condition, and are well tolerated at smaller doses. Unlicensed medicines may be prescribed to a patient when there is a genuine clinical need that cannot be fulfilled by a licensed medication. This is the case for patients whose regular medication is temporarily unavailable due to supply disruption, as well as patients requiring liquid formulations of a licensed tablet or capsule due to intolerance or allergy. Unlicensed medications are often referred to as “specials”. This term can also be used to refer to medicines that are “off-label” or are prepared or supplied in a manner that is not covered by the licence. This could include crushing tablets to make them easier to swallow or adding liquid to an approved capsule or tablet to form a mixture for administration by injection, or using a syringe pump in order to inject medication subcutaneously (under the skin). In general healthcare professionals will only use unlicensed medication as a last resort when they believe that no licensed alternative is available. They will carefully examine a wide selection of options in order to satisfy the specific needs of each patient. They will also examine the results and treatment regularly considering both clinical experience and the availability of new treatments that are licensed. It is vital that any unlicensed medication used to treat an individual is safe and efficient. The reason for prescribing a medicine should be recorded in the patient's record. Note any adverse reactions the patient may experience as a result of an off-label drug using the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme. This information will be used by the MHRA to amend the marketing authorization of the medicine and ensure future prescriptions are safe and effective. Talk Therapy A therapist who works with you will help you understand your symptoms and help you discover ways to manage them. They can also offer you guidance and advice on how to change your way of thinking and acting to feel more positive. It is essential to complete the recommended number of sessions in order to help you feel better. Medications help to reduce the symptoms of ADHD by increasing the number of neurotransmitters in your brain. These are chemicals that allow your neurons to transmit messages to help you focus your mind and avoid distractions. There are two major types of medication used to treat ADHD that are stimulants and non-stimulants. All of them improve the quantity of neurotransmitters that are available in your brain. In the UK there are a variety of medications that can be used to treat ADHD. The most commonly used is methylphenidate, which is available in tablets that are immediate-release (small doses that are taken between 2 and 3 times a day) and modified-release tablets (taken once a day but released throughout the day). These medicines are not a cure but can help you to control an impulsive behaviour and help you focus. They are generally well tolerated, but your specialist will monitor closely to ensure that you receive the correct dose and don't experience any side negative effects. It can take several weeks to reach your optimal level and may have to be titrated (changed frequently) in order to find what works best for you. Non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine, which is available on prescription only, are more efficient than stimulants, and don't have the same possibility of addiction. They have a more solid evidence basis, however they aren't as well-liked and some suffer from problems with their appetite, memory, or sleep. Your doctor will track your progress and determine whether to continue using atomoxetine or switch to a different treatment. Therapy and medication are not permanent solutions for people with ADHD. They can help you cope with your issues and lead a more fulfilling life. Combining medication with regular therapy sessions will help you gain the most benefit from your treatment. You'll learn coping strategies and recognize unhelpful patterns of behavior and thinking. For some, their increased confidence and mood may last beyond the end of their treatment.